A stored secret, checked against a copy
Every legacy method (metal keys, RFID and NFC cards, fobs, PINs, passwords, even stored biometric templates) works by holding a value and matching it. The value is the vulnerability: it is what replay, relay, cloning, spoofing and man-in-the-middle attacks all exploit.
- RFID and NFC badges can be cloned in seconds with hardware that costs less than lunch
- Stolen and reused credentials remain the single largest route into enterprise systems
- A lost fob is a lost building until every lock is re-keyed
- A stored biometric template, once breached, cannot be reissued


